This review article analysed mercury concentrations and risks across media in Pakistan from data published between 1991 and 2021 in 70 peer-reviewed scientific publications. The possible non-carcinogenic health risk (hazard quotient) of Hg was assessed in soil, water, and fish. High risks were calculated for seafood and vegetable consumption, while low risks were estimated for soils and groundwater ingestion and exposure. Overall, children showed higher risks than adults. Last, the risk quotient analysis (RQ) revealed significant risks for aquatic species. RQs showed that multiple species, especially those with smaller resilience, could face long-term detrimental impacts. High, medium, and low risks were calculated from 66.66, 16.17, and 16.17% of the reported Hg concentrations.
Sajid Rashid,
Izaz Ali Shah,
Roberto Supe,
Wajid Rashid,
Mika Sillanpaa